Understanding Freight Class & NMFC Codes
In the world of LTL (Less Than Truckload) shipping, Freight Class is the universal language that determines shipping rates. Defined by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA), these classes range from Class 50 (least expensive) to Class 500 (most expensive).
Our Freight Class Calculator uses the density of your shipment to estimate its NMFC class. While density is the primary factor for many commodities, understanding how stowability, handling, and liability affect your class is crucial for avoiding costly re-classification fees.
How to Use This Calculator
- Measure Dimensions: Measure the length, width, and height of your palletized shipment in inches. Include the pallet in your measurements!
- Weigh Your Shipment: Enter the total weight in pounds, including packaging and pallets.
- Calculate: Click the button to see your shipment's density and estimated freight class.
- Review: Use the result to quote your LTL shipment accurately.
Standard NMFC Density Guide
Most carriers use the standard 11-tier density scale to determine freight class for commodities that don't have a specific fixed class.
| Density (lbs per cu ft) | Freight Class | Typical Items |
|---|---|---|
| Less than 1 | 500 | Ping pong balls, Gold leaf |
| 1 to 2 | 400 | Deer antlers, Light fixtures |
| 2 to 3 | 300 | Model boats, Cabinets |
| 3 to 4 | 250 | Mattresses, Bamboo furniture |
| 4 to 5 | 200 | Auto sheet metal parts |
| 5 to 6 | 175 | Clothing, Couches |
| 6 to 7 | 150 | Auto body parts, Bookcases |
| 7 to 8 | 125 | Small appliances |
| 8 to 9 | 110 | Table saws, Cabinets |
| 9 to 10.5 | 100 | Car covers, Boat covers |
| 10.5 to 12 | 92.5 | Computers, Monitors |
| 12 to 13.5 | 85 | Crated machinery |
| 13.5 to 15 | 77.5 | Tires, Bathroom fixtures |
| 15 to 22.5 | 70 | Car engines, Food items |
| 22.5 to 30 | 65 | Car accessories, Books |
| 30 to 35 | 60 | Hardwood flooring |
| 35 to 50 | 55 | Bricks, Cement |
| Over 50 | 50 | Steel bolts, Nuts |
Why This Matters
While density is the most common way to estimate class, the NMFTA considers four characteristics:
Density
The weight per cubic foot. Higher density means lower class and lower cost. This is what our calculator measures.
Stowability
How easily the freight can be packed with other shipments. Excessive length or weird shapes increase the class.
Handling
Does it require special equipment? Is it fragile? Difficult handling increases the class.
Liability
High-value items (like electronics) or hazardous materials carry higher risk of theft or damage, increasing the class.
Pro Tips: How to Lower Your Freight Cost
Pack It Tight!
- Avoid Overhang: Items hanging over the pallet edge are easily damaged and may be re-classified or charged extra fees.
- Use Standard Pallets: 48x40 pallets are the industry standard. Odd sizes may be harder to stow.
- Describe Accurately: Using the wrong NMFC code is a guaranteed way to get hit with a "Re-weigh and Inspection" fee. When in doubt, ask your carrier.
Frequently Asked Questions
Disclaimer: This calculator provides an estimate based on density. Official classification is determined by the NMFTA. For more details on freight shipping, visit the Wikipedia page on LTL shipping. Always verify with your carrier before shipping.